Hawaiian Names
of Marine Invertebrates
`upi - PE 345
hu`ahu`akai, hu`ehu`e kai - PE, 79,80
hu`akai - PE, 79
hu`e hu`ekai, `upi - WR, 21
hu`e hu`ekai, `upi - de Laub ("Early Hawaiians paid little attention to these sponges, but did refer to them as
the "foam of the sea," and upi, which is derived from the work "to squeeze.")
hu`e hu`ekai, `upi - WR, 19 (non-calcareous sponge(red when living); also upi)
hu`e hu`ekai, `upi - de Laub (see de Laubenfels' card for hu`e hu`ekai)
`anaunau - Dr. J. Bakus, 1963
hue - WAB, 1, 113 (picture looks like soft coral)
`okole - WR, 30 / Edmondson, 35
pa`imalau - PE, 279
palalia - EHB, 146 (pala, which means soft, and lia, denotes fear of something)
pololia - WAB 1, 113
pololia - PE, 313 / WAB, 480
`okala, `okole, `okole emiemi, `okole hawela - PE 258, 259 (A sea anemone...`okole hawela. Same as `okole
emiemi)
`okole - WR, 31 / Edmondson, 33
`ekaha ku moana - PE, 36; DPF and DBF, 1964, Kamakau p. 144 / Edmondson, 49
limu make `o Hana - AH Banner, 1964 Note: This is a correction to Pe, p. 191 (contains a poison second (only)
to botulism in toxicity.)
limu make `o Hana, limu make `o Muolea - MKP, Botany Hawaiian names file
limu make `o Muolea - Botany Hawaiian name file (limu make `o Muolea. A poisonous seaweed that grows in Hana,
Maui. Also called lime make. MKP A kind of seaweed said to be poisonous and said to grow at Hana, Maui, or at Kipahulu
near Hana. mulea="taste.' This is probably Muolea, a place near Hana.)
limu make, limu make `o Muolea - (A kind of seaweed. Grows only in one locality in Hana, Maui. It is deadly
poisonous. A legend tells how a vicious shark man was destroyed and the ashes of his body were thrown there. The ashes
turned into this deadly limu.)
`okole,`okola, kohe lewa lewa - C. Kenn, 1950-51
`okola, `okole - WR, 31
`ako`ako`a - PE, p. 14
hako`ako`a - PE, p. 47 / WAB, 111
kawa`ewa`e - PE, 129 (Kind of stone or coral, as used in polishing canoes, or in rubbing off pig bristles.)
ko`a kea - PE, 145
ko`a., `ako`ako`a - PE, 144
ko`ako`a - PE, 145
puna kea - PE, 327 (White coral as cast ashore by the sea.)
hu`ahu`a akai - WAB, 479
ko`akohe - PE, 145
pokahu puna - WAB, 477 / PE, 327 (puna. Coral... According to discussion with KPE most all Porites spp.)
`ako`ako`a - WR, 37, 39, 42.
`ako`ako`a - WR, .37, 39, 42 / Edmondson, 45, 184
`ako`ako`akohe - PE, 14 / Edmondson, 46-47
`ako`ako`akohe - WR, 42
`ako`ako`a - WR, 37, 39, 42 / Edmondson, 44
`ako`ako`a - WR 37, 39, 42 / Edmondson, 41-42
`ako`ako`a - WR 37, 39, 42 / Edmondson 43-44
`ako`ako`a - WR, 37, 39, 42.
`ako`ako`a - WR,37, 39, 42.
`ako`ako`a - WR, 37, 39, 42 / Edmondson, 39
`ako`ako`a - WR, 37, 39, 42 / Edmondson, 40
`ako`ako`a - WR, 37, 39, 42 / Edmondson, 40
`ako`ako`a - WR, 37, 39, 42 / Edmondson, 44
ko`ekai - WR, 51 / Edmondson, 56 (listed as "Baseodiscus cingulatus" in Edmondso; other unidentified
nemerteans)
ko`e - WAB, 1, 113
muiona - PE, 235 (An annelid worm, resembling a centipede.)
`aha huluhulu, huluhulu - PE, 6, 84 / Edmondson, 109 (While the PE dictionary gives this as Eurthoe pacifica,
the Kepelino (Ka Mo`olelo II:73) description of it is that of Opheodesoma spectabilis. DBF)
kauna`oa, una`oa, kauno`a - MKP to DB Barrere, November 1962
`olepe - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
hihiwai - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
huwai - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
kupe`e - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
kupekala - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
leho - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
leho - WAB, 455 (Ni`ihau shell)
nahawele - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
opihi - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
pipi - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
pipipi - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
pupu - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
uhi - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
wi - C. Kenn, 1950-5 (only names here identified have been cross referenced, 13-V-64)
`opihi `awa - Fornander (Memoirs) 4:531, Hawn text. (lit: "the kind (of `opihi) that clings to water-worn
boulders (pa`ala))
alinalina - Andrews, 1865, p.50 (a shellfish of the sea; the young or small of the `opihi)
hailimoa - PE, 45 (a shellfish resembling the wana, but said to have short spikes)
hihiwai - WAB, 446 ("The native name hihiwai is applied to all the brackish and fresh water forms of
Neritina.")
kahelelani - PE, 104 (species of small colored shells, found particularly on Ni`ihau; perhaps so called
because the shells were used by chiefs. See Lepthethyra rubra.)
kamoa - PE, 229, 117 (small gastropod mollusk, also moa)
kiki - PE, 138 (name given a shellfish (KL line 33))
kuala kai - C. Kenn, 1950-51
kuanaka - PE, 157 / Kay 446 (something like the kuapo`i (Umbraculum sinicum))
moa - PE, 229, 117 (small gastropod mollusk, also kamoa)
naka huluhulu - WR, 166 (Species listed as "peronia".)
nene - PE, 244 (a kind of shellfish)
pai - PE, 227 (a kind of snail shellfish said to be poisonous to touch (no data))
panapanapuhi - Andrews, 1865, p. 450 (name of a shellfish)
pipipi - PE, 306 (general name for small mollusks, including Nerita picea and N. neglecta (Ed. 166, KL line
32))
po`opalaoa - PE, 315 (a kind of white shell (no data), lit: "ivory head")
pupu - WR, 102 (general name for all gastropods)
pupu - PE, 329 (general name for sea and land shells, beads, snail (Biblical))
pupu noho - PE, 330 (a sea shell, no data, lit: "sitting shell")
uli - PE, 340 (name given by Malo for a shellfish (Malo 45))
huwai - PE, 86 (a shellfish of the hihiwai family)
`opihi - WAB, 466
kanaloa - PE, 118 / Kay 59, 61 (a sea shell)
pupu `okole `oi`oi - PE, 330 / Kay 47 (Trochidae shell, lit: "sharp-buttocks shell")
`opihi kapua`i lio - WAB, 105 (umbrella shell)
ka`ala - PE, 100 (an `opihi or limpet)
ko`ele - PE, 146 (any variety of large, tough `opihi (the shells were used as scrapers and peelers))
`opihi - EKA, 147 / Edmondson, 168
Kahelelani `okala - Niihau lei, Acc. No. 5983 / Kay 58 / Edmondson, 164 (small, light pink shells)
Kahelelani eilaula - Niihau lei, Acc. No. 5983 / Kay 58 / Edmondson, 164 (small, dark red shells)
pipipi - WAB, 106
pipipi - PE 306 (general name for small mollusks, including Nerita picea and Nerita neglecta (Ed. 166, KL line
32))
pipipi - WR, 145 (also Nerita neglecta)
pipipi kai - EKA, 144 / Kay 63 (Nerita picea Recluz)
hihiwai - WR, 145 (also for Neritina vespertina)
pipipi - WR, 145 / Edmondson, 166
pipipi kai - EKA, 145 / Edmondson, 166
pipipi wai - EKA, 146
pupu kanaloa - WR, 141 / Kay 59, 61 (also Alcyna rubra)
`okole `oi `oi - WR, 144 / Kay 49-51 (also Euchelus corrugatus)
ha`upu - WR, 144 / Kay 52 (also Euchelus gemmatus - `okole `oi `oi also Euchelus gemmatus)
haupu - WR, 144 / Kay 49-51 (also Euchelus corrugatus)
pupu o Ha`upu - PE, 330 / Kay 52 / Edmondson, 165 (a shell, lit: "Ha`upu-hill shell")
pupu o Haupu - EKA 144 / Kay52 (Trochus intextus Kiener)
`ailea - PE, 19 / Kay 58
halili lenalena - Niihau lei, Acc. No. 5983, Kay 58 (small, yellow shells)
pupu `alilea - Kay 58 / Edmondson, 164, 264 (Hawaii name)
pupu mahina - EKA, 142, 330 / Kay 58 (Oahu name, edible, lit: "moon shell" because the operculum is round like
the moon)
halili - PE, 51 / Kay 95 (members of the Solariidae family (Ed. 156-57))
`anaunau - PE, 23, 243 (also called naunau)
naunau - PE, 23, 243 (also called `anaunau)
kauno`a - WR, 133 / Kay 102-09 (refers to the knoted one, not the coiled one; kio; omitted from list (see
MKP, personal communication; Vermitidae card))
kio - WR, 133 / Kay 102-09 (kauno`a; refers to the knoted one, not the coiled one; omitted from list (see
MKP, personal communication; Vermitidae card))
kio - Kay 102-09, MKKP to DB Barrere, Nov. 1962 (This is a correction to kauna`oa, PE, 127)
po`apoa`ai - EKA, 133 / PE, 307 / Kay 102 (a worm shell, a marine mollusk of the family Vermetidae, also called
pohaku pele, poho kupele, tightly coiled form)
pohaku pele - EKA, 133 / PE, 307 / Kay 102 (a worm shell, a marine mollusk of the family Vermetidae, also
called po`apo`ai, poho kupele, tightly coiled form)
poho kupele - PE, 310 / Kay 102 (see po`apo`ai and pohaku pele)
leho - PE, 183 / WR, 126 (general name for cowry shells)
leho `oma`o - PE, 183 (a greenish cowry (diseased cowries sometimes turn green); omitted from list)
leholeho - PE, 183 (redup. of leho)
kauno`a - WAB, 105
pohokupele - WAB, 105
pupu puhi - PE, 330 / WAB, 106 / Edmondson, 156 (called halili in some places)
pupu lei hala - PE, 330 / EKA, 122 / Kay 226-29 / Edmondson, 143 (a shell, lit: "pandanus-lei shell")
maka`aha - WR, 131 / Kay, 121
pupu maka`aha - EKA, 130 / PE, 330 / Kay 123 (a sea shell, lit: "sennit-mesh shell")
`anaunau - WR, 116 / Kay 217 / PE, 23, 243 (Maui name; Shellfish such as Cymatium tuberosa (sic), C. gemmetum,
C. pileare, Bursa affinis. Also called `anaunau)
naunau - WR, 116 / Kay 217 / PE, 23, 243 (Maui name; Shellfish such as Cymatium tuberosa (sic), C. gemmetum,
C. pileare, Bursa affinis. Also called `anaunau)
pupu `ole kiwi - EKA, 122 / Kay 217
pupu `ole kiwi - PE, 330 / Kay 217 / Edmondson, 142 (a shell)
leho `opule - PE, 183 / WR, 126 / Edmondson, 147 (a species of cowry; lit: "variegated cowry")
leho kupa - PE, 183 / WR, 126 (the serpent-head cowry, lit: "native cowry")
leho maoli - PE, 183 / WR, 126 (the common dotted, brown cowry, lit: "genuine cowry")
pupu leholeho a hiehie - EKA, 125 (omitted from list)
[Unknown] - WAB, 458 / Kay 191 (flesh-colored; he says it has a red body. Sometimes used as squid bait; "The
squid if captured under certain conditions by this species of shell, was supposed to be very valuable remedy in the healing
of the sick.")
leho pauhu - PE, 183 (cowries, as Cypraea arenosa, C. carneola)
leho kupe`e lima - PE, 183 / EKA, 125 (a species of cowry shell used for bracelets, kupe`e lima)
momi ke`oke`o - Niihau lei, Acc. No. 5983 (specimen brown)
puleho - PE, 325-6/ Kay 193-5 / Edmondson, 147 (an elongated type of cowry (Luria isabella) worn in leis)
puleho `ula - PE, 325-6/ Kay 193-5 / Edmondson, 147 (a red puleho)
puleho holei - PE, 325-6/ Kay 193-5 / Edmondson, 147 (a yellowish puleho cowry)
puleho kani`o - PE, 325-6/ Kay 193-5 / Edmondson, 147 (a streaked puleho)
puleho palaoa - PE, 325-6/ Kay 193-5 / Edmondson, 147 (an ivory colored puleho)
puleholeho - WR, 126 / Kay 193
puleholeho - PE, 325-6/ Kay 193-5 / Edmondson, 147 (a small puleho, cf. kuiki)
kuoho - PE, 169 / Kay 195 (a large cowry, probably this species)
leho - EKA, 127 (Cypraea maculifera Martyn)
leho kolea - PE, 183 / WR, 126
`uwala - PE, 334 / Edmondson, 147 (a kind of cowry shell (no data))
leho `uala - PE, 183 / WR, 126 / Edmondson, 147 (a rare dark-yellow money cowry; lit: "sweet potato
cowry")
leho palaoa - PE, 183 / WR, 126 / Edmondson, 147 (same as leho puna but with a yellow hue; lit: "ivory
cowry")
leho puna - PE, 183 / WR, 126 / Edmondson, 147 (a white money cowry; lit: "coral cowry")
pupu leholeho - PE, 330 / EKA, 125 / Edmondson, 147 (a cowry shell; lit: "cowry or callused shell")
puleholeho - WR, 126 (omitted from list)
leho pauhu - PE, 183 (cowries, as Cypraea arenosa, C. carneola)
kukae kolea - WR, 134 / Kay 72-73
pipipi kolea - EKA, 134 / Kay 72 / Edmondson, 155
pupu kolea - WR, 134 / Kay 72-73
kolealea - WAB, 106 / Edmondson, 155
kukae kolea - WR, 134 / Edmondson, 155
pipipi kolea - EKA, 134 / Kay 73
pupu kolea - WR, 134 / Edmondson, 155
pupu - WR, 131 / Edmondson, 152
kio noho one - PE, 142 / Edmondson, 160 (probably this species; lit: "sand dwelling kio (mollusk)
pupu kui - PE, 329 / EKA, 139 / Kay, 207-210 / Edmondson, 160 (lit: "pin shell")
mamaiki - WR, 131 / PE, 216 / EKA, 128 / Kay 168 / Edmondson, 149 (a shell, also pupu mamaiki)
pu leholeho - WAB, 106 / Edmondson, 149
pupu mamaiki - WR, 131 / PE, 216, 330 / EKA, 128 / Kay 168 / Edmondson, 149 (a shell, also mamaiki)
puleho - EKA, 124 / Kay 233 / Edmondson, 145
pupu poniuniu - WR, 105 (pictured ones are Conus sumatrensis; C. hebraeus; C. catus; C. auratus, in Ka`u, the
kind that do sting,)
pupu poniuniu - PE, 329-30 (Var. of pupu`ala, lit: "dizzy shell" perhaps because they were considered
poisonous)
pupu`ala - WR, 105 (pictured ones are Conus sumatrensis; C. hebraeus; C. catus; C. auratus, in some localities,
the kinds of conus that do not sting / MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB.)
pupu`ala - PE, 329-30 (Conus auratus, lit: "volcanic rock shell")
makaloa - WR, 113 / Kay 238, 246-49 (Hawaii name)
`oi `oi - WR, 103 / Kay 383 (Maui name, pictured ones are Terebra maculata and T. crenulata)
koholua - PE, 147 / Kay 391-402 (a long shellfish)
loloa - WR, 103 / Kay, 383 (Hawaii name, pictured ones are Terebra maculata and T. crenulata)
pupu loloa - PE, 330 (lit: "long shell", auger shell)
`ele`ele - EKA, 105 / Edmondson, 124
ke`oke`o - EKA, 105 / Edmondson, 124
ohana o ka pupu`ala - EKA, 105 / Edmondson, 124 (ohana o ka= "family of the...")
pupu`ala - PE, 329 / EKA, 105 / Kay 376 / Edmondson, 124, 125 (lit: Volcanic rock shell)
momi ke`oke`o - PE, 233 / WAB, 106 (name "Columbella varians" not listed in Kay; small white shells)
momi lenalena - PE, 233 / WAB, 106 (brown shell)
pupu po`ai - WR, 119 / Edmondson, 142
pupu nuku loa - PE, 330, Kay 278 / Edmondson, 130 (a shell, lit: "long-beaked shell")
pupu `aha`aha - WR, 109 / Kay 287 / Edmondson, 128
`aha`aha - WR, 108 / Kay 304
pupu lei `aha`aha - PE, 330 / EKA, 109 / Kay 304 / Edmondson, 129 (a shell)
maka`awa - WR, 113 / Kay 248
pupu maka`awa - PE, 330 / EKA, 114 / Edmondson, 133 (a sea shell, lit: "sour-faced shell")
`aunauna - PE, 30 / Edmondson, 135
`aunauna - WR, 113 / Edmondson, 135
kolealea - Edmondson, 130
pupu `ole - PE, 330 / EKA, 121 / WAB, 105, 450 / Kay, 413-4 / Edmondson, 141 (a shell)
pupu `ole - PE, 330 / Kay 399-400 (a shell)
pupu ole - EKA, 103 / Kay 399 (nunui is large specimen)
pupu lei aha`aha - EKA, 109 / PE, 330 / Kay 327 / Edmondson, 129 (a shell)
`opae kala `ole - PE, 268 (lit: "spineless shrimp")
`opae kolo - PE, 268 (lit: "creeping shrimp")
`opae kuahiwi - PE, 268 (lit: "mountain shrimp")
pupu waha loa - EKA, 150 / PE, 330 / Edmondson, 172 (Bulla vernicosa peasiana Pilsbry, a shell, lit:
"long-mouthed shell")
`opae hiki - Acc. No. 7465 in Mar. Zool. dept. (found Wainapanape Cave, Maui; syn. Caridina brevironstris in
Hawaii )
pupu leholeho oni`oni`o - WR, 152 / Kay 419-20 / Edmondson, 173
pupu lei hala - PE, 330 / EKA, 151/ Kay, 419-20 (a shell, lit: "pandanus-lei shell")
`aoa - PE, 25 / Kay 491 / Edmondson, 186
`opihi awa - MKP, 1956 / in EKA, 165 / Kay 493 / Edmondson, 188
`opihi awa - WR, 165 / Kay 493 / Edmondson, 188
`opihi maikauli - EKA, 165 / Kay 493 / Edmondson, 188 (Siphonaria normalis Gould)
kapua`i lio - MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB / Kay, 446 (same as kuapo`i)
kuapo`i - WR,157 / PE, 158 / Kay 446 / Edmondson, 179
kuapo`i - MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB / Kay, 446 (same as kuapa`i lio)
lepelepe o Hina - PE, 187 (cf. ed. 180-185)
kualakai - PE, 156 (a sea creature, perhaps Tethys grandis or Tethys bipes)
kuau - PE, 158 (a sea mollusk, perhaps Tetys sp.)
pupu mo`o - WR, 100 / PE, 330 / WAB, 106 / Edmondson, 118 (A chiton mollusk, lit., lizard shell, Also "b, an
undetermined species")
kuakulu - from Alison Kay / Pease, W.A. to Andrew Garrett, 10 Mar 1871 / Edmondson, 118 ("I made a collecting
tour to Kaua‘i last year and discovered two new chitons, one is over an inch in length and is eaten by the natives...The
natives call them 'kuakulu' or hairy backs.")
kuapa`a - WR, 100 / PE, 157 / Edmondson, 118 (Hawai`i name, the chiton, a small sea creature used in the he
mawaewae ceremony for babies, see also pupu pe`elua)
pe`elua - WR, 100 / Edmondson 118 (O`ahu name)
pupu pe`elua - PE, 330 / EKA, 100 / Edmondson, 118 (A shell; used in mawaewae ceremonies for first-born
babies. Lit., caterpillar shell, also called kuapa`a)
`olepe - PE, 261 / WR, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181 (any kind of bivalve)
ka`ope - PE, 121 (yellowish mother-of-pearl shell)
mahamoe - PE, 202 (an edible bivalve (no data))
paua - PE, 294 (same as papaua, a clam)
uhi - PE, 336 (bivalve)
`oa`oaka - PE, 271Andrews, 1865, p. 85 / Kay 520 (a bivalve; perhaps one of the Isognomonidae; also
`owa`owaka; name of a shellfish in the sea (no data); owa`owaka)
nahanawele - PE, 238 (rare form; a bivalve of the Isognomonidae family; also called mahawele)
nahawele - PE, 238 (a bivalve of the Isognomonidae family; also called mahawele)
papaua - PE, 294 / Kay 520 (a bivalve (Isognomon); Ed. 193; KL line 25; but cf. `olepe papaua)
kupukele - WAB, 444
pa - WR, 173 / Kay 532 / Edmondson, 197 (what she meant here was that it was valved)
papaua - WR, 173 / Kay 532 / Edmondson, 197 (what she meant here was that it was valved)
`olepe papaua - PE, 262 / EKA, 171 / Kay 501 / Edmondson, 191 (Arcidae; papaua meaning heavier
construction)
`owa`owaka - WR, 174 / Kay 511 (nahawele; pahikaua)
kio nahawele - PE, 142 (a common mussel, probably this species; Mytilidae)
nahawele - WR, 174 / Kay 511 (owaowaka; pahikaua)
nahawele li`ili`i - PE, 238 / EKA, 173 / Kay 511 (Brachidontes crebristriatus Conrad)
pahikaua - WR, 174 / Kay 511 (owaowaka; nahawele)
nahawele - PE, 238 (Oahu name)
pa - PE, 272 / EKA, 168 (pearl shell lure)
pa - WAB, 1, 104 / Kay 516
pa hau - PE, 272 (shell with white on inside)
pipi - PE, 306 / Kay, ex. Ranson, 1963 (Hawaiian pearl oyster (Pinctada galtsoffi))
unahi pipi - PE, 343 (young pipi shellfish)
kupakala - WAB, 1, 104
`olepe kupe - PE, 261 (perhaps this genus)
`olepe kupe - PE, 261 (perhaps this genus)
kupekala - WAB, 446PE, 170 / Kay 540 (an edible bivalve found at Pearl Harbor, possibly Chama species (KL line
29))
papaua momi - EKA, 176 / Kay 540 / PE, 294 (a bivalve (said to be Chama iosotoma); momi=pearl; papaua=heavily
constructed valves)
`okupe - WR, 177 / Kay 543
`olepe kupe `opiopio - EKA, 176 / Kay 543
kupe - WR, 177 / Kay 543
`olepe kupa - EKA, 178 (Antigona reticulata Linn.)
pupu kupa - PE, 329 (lit: "native shell")
`olepe - EKA, 179 / Kay 563 / WAB, 445, 104 (also applied "indiscriminately to a number of edible bivalves that
are in no way closely related to the common species" by present day Hawaiians)
`olepe kupa - WR, 175 / Kay 556 (Cardiidae)
pupu kupa - PE, 329 / EKA, 178 / Kay 556 (a shell; lit: "native shell")
wawahi wa`a - PE, 354 (borer that bores into canoe hulls, a teredo)
`olepe makaloa - EKA, 181 / PE, 261 / WR, 180 / Kay 573 (lit: "long face")
`olepe waha nui - WR, 180 (lit: "big mouth")
pupu olepe waha nui - EKA, 181 / PE, 261 / WR, 180 / Kay 573 (Rocellaria gigantea Deshayes)
`ape`ape`a - PE, 26
`aumoana - PE, 30 (usually called `auwa`alalua)
`auwa`alalua - PE, 30 (also referred to as `aumoana)
he`e pali - PE, 59 (tiny, young octopus that clings to rocks along sea pools, especially in certain
seasons)
naukilo - PE, 242
he`e mahola - PE, 59 (octopus given for sickness caused by sorcery)
kukuma - PE, 164 / Edmondson, 113, 303 (a crab often qualified by the terms kea (white) and `ohuluhulu (hairy);
Ed., 303; soft, membranous; commensal)
kukuma kea - WR, 262 / Edmondson, 113, 303
`ala`eke - WR, 240 (Portunidae)
`elekuma `ele`ele - WR, 249 / Edmondson 296 (Xanthidae)
kuapa`a - WR, 249 / Edmondson 296 (Xanthidae)
Makua o ka lipao - Tinker, 66 / PE, 213 / WR, 231 / Edmondson 226, 268
Makua o ka lipoa - Tinker, 66 / PE, 213 / WR, 231 / Edmondson 226, 268 ("in spite of its large size, this crab
is not regarded as edible, in fact, some fishermen even refer to its as the poison crab.")
`opae hiki - Acc. No. 7465 in Mar. Zool. dept. (found Wainapanape Cave, Maui; syn. Caridina brevironstris in
Hawaii )
`elekuma - WR, 238 / Edmondson 283 (xanthid)
kumimi pua - PE, 167 / WR, 246 / Tinker, 116 / Edmondson 33, 302 (used in sorcery and inedible; xanthid;
considered poisonous)
`alamihi - PE, 17, 38 / WR, 265 / Edmondson, 304 (Grapsid; also `elemihi, `elepi)
`elemihi - PE, 17, 38 / WR, 265 / Edmondson, 304 (Grapsid; also `alamihi, `elepi)
`elepi - PE, 17, 38 / WR, 265 / Edmondson, 304 (Grapsid; also `alamihi, `elemihi)
kukuau - Beechey and CHE
`opae kala `ole - PE, 268 (lit: "spineless shrimp")
`opae kolo - PE, 268 (lit: "shrimp with a large chelae")
`opae kuahiwi - PE, 268 (lit: "mountain shrimp")
elekuma - WR, 249 / Edmondson 298 (Xanthid)
kumu lipoa - PE, 168 (a crab commonly found in lipoa seaweed; perhaps also called makua o ka lipoa;
Maiid)
papa`i limu - Tinker, 84 / Edmondson 275
papa`i limu - WR, 237 / PE, 292 (a species of crab, probably Simocarcinus simplex; lit: "seaweed crab" (Ed.
275))
papa`i lipoa - WR, 237 / PE, 292 (same as papa`i limu; lit: "seaweed crab")
`okohekohe - PE, 259
kohekohe - Garrett List #3 (Name derived from being found on substances long at sea. This specimen came on
shore about 15 miles from this place attached (sic) to a large junk (sic) of Tallow that had been apparently long at sea)
pi`oe - PE, 305 / WR, 197-200 (general name for barnacles (KL line 24); same as pi`oe`oe)
una`oa - Andrews, 1865, p. 124 ("The barnacle on the outer plank of a ship")
lohelohekai - WR, 208 (Hawaii name)
aloalo - WAB, 469 / WR, 208 / PE, 19 / C. Kenn, 1950-51 / Edmondson, 243 ("This native name is most commonly
applied to the mantis-shrimp." Maui name; pictured ones are Pseudosquilla ciliata and Lysiosquilla maculata; highly
desired as food. Also Squilla sp. (Ed. 241-43))
aloalo - WR, 208 (the Maui name; lohlohe kai, the Hawaii name; see fam. Squillidae)
`uku kai - PE, 202, 203 / WR, 207 (same as `ami kai)
`uku limu - PE, 339 (lit: "seaweed bug"; an amphipod (Ed. 240))
mahiki - PE, 202, 203 (same as `uku kai; any kind of shrimp used ceremoniously)
`ami kai - PE, 21 / WR, 207
[Unknown] - EHB, 157 ("The Hawaiians do not have separate names for many of these [Macrura]. They called most
prawns aloalo, and shrimps, opae.")
`apa`apa`a - PE, 25
`e`eke - PE, 354 (no further data)
`opae kai - Don Mitchell (Waikiki Aq, PE) (snappers and other carideans are labeled this)
`opae ke`oke`o - MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB
hawa`ewa`e - PE, 58
ku moana - PE, 167 (large deep-sea crab (no data))
niniole - PE, 246 (a crustacean said to resemble lobster; no data)
papa`i - PE, 292 (general name for crabs)
papa`i iwi pupu - PE, 292 / WR, 227 (modern name; also called unauna, `ounauna; lit: "bone shell crab")
papa`i kua lenalena - PE, 292 (yellow-backed crab; fig. experienced warrior)
papa`i Lana`i - Malo, 45 / PE, 292 / WAB, 469
papa`i una - C. Kenn, 1950-51
paua - PE, 294 (a rare crab)
pokipoki `au moana - PE, 311 (a kind of deep-water crab; lit: "sea-swimming crab")
puakala - PE, 319
ula - C. Kenn, 1950-51
ula iki kua lenalena - Fornander 4:584-585; DBB, personal communication to DBF, May 1964 (translates as small
lobster with a yellow back)
ula papapa - Fornander 4:584-585 (omit - put under unidentified; translated as "red rock lobster")
unauna - PE, 343 (old name; hermit crabs in general; also called papa`I iwi pupu)
`opae lolo - WR, 212 / Edmondson, 245 (perhaps originally `opae loloa: "long shrimp"; according to Mr. Robert
Cordover HIMB if article in Star Bulletin Oct. 18, 1970; juvenile in shallow water; adults in deep water)
`opae huna - PE, 268 / WR, 221 / Edmondson, 5, 246
`opae `ohune - PE, 268
`opae hune - PE, 268
`opae `oeha`a - PE, 268
`opae `ula - PE, 268 / WR, 219 / Edmondson, 255 (sometimes eaten but not in my (Kau) district)
`opae - WR, 216 / Edmondson, 253
`opae - WAB, 469 / MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB (Mrs. Pukui was shown BPBM #139; she
said it would be an `opac, similar to the freshwater ones, as far as an Hawaiian would be concerned.)
ula - Don Mitchell (Waikiki Aq, PE) / Tinker, 1965, p. 34-38
ula - PE, 339 / EHB, 157 / WAB, 468 / Tinker, 1965, p. 34-38 / Edmondson 257 (varieties are qualified by the
terms hiwa, koa`e, and poni)
ula - Tinker, 1965, p. 34-38 / Edmondson 257
ula papapa - C. Kenn, 1950-51 / WR, 223 / PE, 339 / MKP, personal communication / Edmondson 258 (eaten; a gray
crayfish (Ed. 258); lit: "flat ula")
ula papa - Don Mitchell / Edmondson 258
ula papa - EHB, 157 / WAB, 469 / Edmondson 258
ula papapa - Tinker, 1965, p. 34-38
kumimi maka`o - WR, 229 / PE, 167 / Edmondson 266 (used in sorcery and inedible; xanthid; considered
poisonous)
pakiki - PE, 281 / Edmondson 266 (a variety of poisonous crab, said to be the same as kumimi)
pe`eone - PE, 297 (sand crab that buries itself in the wet sand backwards; lit: "sand hiding")
mu - PE, 235 / WR, 232 / Edmondson 269
kualoa - C. Kenn, 1950-51 / Edmondson 272
papa`i kualoa - WR, 235 / PE, 292 / Edmondson 272 (the crab commonly called "Kona crab"; lit: "long-backed
crab)
papai pokipoki - WR, 236 / WAB, 469 (liked by some people as an article of food)
pokipoki - MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB (all Calappa species are called this; Mrs.
Pukui was shown Calappa hepatica, C. calappa, C. gallus, and a new species with small red spots. Edible.)
pokipoki - PE, 311, 316 (a gray hard-shelled box crab, not liked as food (Ed. 271))
pokipoki `au moana - PE, 311, 316 / Edmondson, 271 (a kind of deep water crab; lit: "sea-swimming
pokipoki")
pokipoki kuapa`a - PE, 311 / Edmondson, 271 (same as pokipoki; lit: "hard-backed pokipoki")
popoki - PE, 316 / Edmondson, 271 (var. of pokipoki; short, thick)
papa`i limu - WR, 237 / Edmondson 275 (also papa`i lipoa; Maiidae; looks similar to dromids)
papa`i lipoa - WR, 237 / Edmondson 275 (also papa`i limu; Maiidae; looks similar to dromids)
`ala`eke - PE, 16
papa`i ako`ako`a - WR, 240 / Edmondson, 281
mo`ala - WR, 242 / PE, 229 / Kay 589 / Edmondson 231, 283 (Portunid; an edible crab found in ponds and shallow
water, probably P. vigil (Ed. 283); Mrs. Pukui was shown #3210 ; keeps well cooking; edible)
kuhonu - PE, 160 / Tinker, 98 / Edmondson 231, 280, 283 (also called papa`i kuahonu)
kuohonu - MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB / Edmondson 231, 280, 283 (Tinker, 98; Mrs.
Pukui was shown #4948. Eaten raw; it doesn't keep well)
papa`i kuahonu - PE, 160 / Tinker, 98 / Edmondson 231, 280, 283 (also called kuhonu)
[Unknown] - WR, 242 / Edmondson 278 (considered edible; see moala)
[Unknown] - WR, 242 / Edmondson 281, 283 (name not given; considered edible; se moala; portunid)
`elekuma `ako`ako`a - PE, 38 (small crab)
kukuau - PE, 163; Tinker, 112 / Edmondson, 284 (large crab (probably Carpilius convexus))
`alakuma - PE, 16; Tinker, 110 (Xanthidae: 7-11 crab)
papa`i `au moana - MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB / Edmondson, 295 (The specimen Mrs.
Pukui was shown has a tag on it which says "kumimi"; who supplied that name?)
ala `eke - MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB / Edmondson, 287 (Note: Beechey says this
species is kumimi; Mrs. Pukui says kumimi is the same shape but is all one color on the tips of the claws)
kumimi - Beechey / Edmondson 287 (xanthid)
`elekuma `ako`ako`a - WR, 249 / Edmondson 296, 298 (Xanthid)
kuapa`a - Andrews, 1865, p. 299 / PE, 278 ("a crab of the species pai`ea, but with a hard shell"; see pai`ea
(PE, 278))
`a`ama kua lenalena - PE, 3 / Fornander 4:584 / WAB, 469 (`a`ama with a yellow back; see `a`ama)
`ohiki `au moana - PE, 256 (Grapsid, pelagic; crabs found in the open ocean, possibly of the general Planes or
Pachygrapsus (P. marinus); lit: "ocean-swimming `ohiki")
alamihi - WR, 265 / WAB, 469 (Grapsid; notorious scavenger on coral reef)
pai`ea - PE, 278 / Edmondson 304 (an edible crab, found where the `a`ama is found, but with a harder shell and
shorter legs fringed in front with short, stiff hair; perhaps one of the Grapsus)
`a`ama - PE, 3 / WR, 265 / WAB, 469 / Tinker, 124 (best liked for eating, also used in medicines)
`a`ama - WR, 265 (Grapsid)
papa - Waikiki Aq, PE / Edmondson 308 (a small, active green-colored crab; lit: "flat"; very distinctive in
looks, habitat, behavior)
papa - MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB (#1872: "looks like papa.")
hihiwai - PE, 64 / WR, 265 / Edmondson 306
kukuma ohuluhulu - WR, 265 / WAB, 469 / Edmondson 306 (Grapsid)
`aloa - PE, 207 / WR, 269 / Edmondson 311
`ohiki makaloa - PE, 256 (a variety of edible crab (no data); lit: "long-eyed `ohiki")
maka`aloa - PE, 207 / WR, 269 / Edmondson 311 (eaten)
`ohiki - PE, 256 / WR, 269 / also MKP, personal communication / Edmondson 310 (probably O. ceratophthalma ; not
often eaten)
kukuma - WR, 267 / Edmondson, 310
`ope`ape`a - PE, 268 (general name for starfish)
pa`a - PE, 297 (various species of Asteroidea (Ed. 63-67); (KL line 18); also called pe`ape`a, `ope`ape`a,
hoku kai)
pe`ape`a - PE, 297 / WR, 66 (various species of Asteroidea (Ed. 63-67); (KL line 18); also called `ope`ape`a,
hoku kai)
la kai - WR, 63 / Edmondson 68
pe`a - WAB, 116
pe`a - WR, 64 (a young Culcita; Culcita novaeguinaea form arenosa)
hoku kai - WR, 63 / Edmondson 72
hoku kai - WR, 63 / Edmondson 69, 71, 75, 353
pe`a - WR, 66 / Edmondson 7, 75
pe`a - WR, 66
pe`ape`a - WR, 66
pe`a - WR, 70 / Edmondson 81 (could be others on the same page: Ophiactis savignyi; Ophiocoma brevipes;
Ophiocoma brevipes var. varegata)
pe`ape`a - WR, 70 / Edmondson 81 (could be others on the same page: Ophiactis savignyi; Ophiocoma brevipes;
Ophiocoma brevipes var. varegata)
`ina`ina - PE, 94 (tiny `ina, Young of the long-spined sea urchins (wana), and also small Echinometra spp. (Ed.
90-92))
halula - PE, 51 (a sea urchin with longer spikes than those of the wana. (KL line 21))
hulu`anai - PE, 84 (a variety of sea urchin)
ina - EHB, 151 / C. Kenn, 1950-51 (short-spined urchins, such as Echinometra; also young or small long-spined
urchins, such as Diadema or Echinothrix)
ina - Andrews, 1865, p. 80 ("A species of sea egg; poke ina; he ia poepoe kalakala.")
punohu - PE, 328 (also called ha`ue`ue)
wana - EHB, 151 / C. Kenn, 1950-52
wana - Andrews, 1865, p. 510 ("A species of sea-egg of the size and shape of a turnip; he ia poepoe me he ina
la, he oioi mawaho.")
wana kauila - PE, 353 (a wana with dark spikes; lit: "kauila-wood wana")
ha`ue`ue - WR, 75 / Edmondson 87 (Hawaii name)
peni - WR, 75 / Edmondson 87 (Maui name)
wana - WR, 75 / PE, 353 / EHB, 151 / C. Kenn, 1950-51 / WAB, 487 / Edmondson 88 (called wana when big; called
ina when small; "There are two species with long spines, called wana, which are very poinsonous to persons when the slender,
holow, brittle spines run into their flesh.")
wana - PE, 353 / Edmondson 89, 140 (called wana when big; called ina when small; "There are two species with
long spines, called wana, which are very poinsonous to persons when the slender, holow, brittle spines run into their
flesh.")
hawa`e - PE, 58 / WR, 75 / MKP, personal communication, April 1964 to DBF and DBB
hawa`e maoli - PE, 58 (natural)
hawa`e po`ohina - PE, 58 (gray head)
`ina - PE, 94
`ina `ele`ele - WAB, 485, p1.116 (black; as `ina `ili`ili)
ina ke`oke`o - WAB, 485, p1.116 (whitish)
ha'uke - PE, 56
ha`ue`ue - MKP, personal communication, April 1964 DBF, DBB / C. Kenn, 1950-51 / PE, 56-57 (Kaua‘i name)
ha`uke`uke - PE, 56-57 / PE 47 / EHB, 151 / WR 78 (varieties are qualified by the terms kaupali
(cliff-perching), kai`ina, and `ula`ula; also ha`uke and ha`ue`ue in some localities ; EHB, from his descriptions)
haku`e - PE, 47
`ina uli - PE, 94 / Edmondson 90 (black `ina, perhaps young of Echinometra oblonga, or one of several other sea
urchins)
`ina `ula - PE, 94 / Edmondson 92, 249 (a red `ina; perhaps young of Heterocentrotus mammillatus)
ha`ue`ue - PE, 56, 57 / WR, 78 / MKP, personal communication, April 1964 DBF, DBB / Edmondson 92, 249 (lit:
"long-boned ha`uke`uke"; Ka`u (Hawaii ) name)
ha`uke`uke - EHB, 151 / Edmondson 92, 249 (from his descriptions)
ha`uke`uke iwi loloa - PE, 56, 57 / Edmondson 92, 249
hawa`e - WR, 78 / Edmondson 94
kunounou - PE, 83, 169 (a kind of loli, sea cucumber; also called hulali)
loli - EHB, 152 / C. Kenn, 1950-51 / WAB, 491 (a general name for sea cucumbers)
loli - PE, 194 (sea slug, beche-de-mer, sea cucumber, trepang, (Holothuria spp.) (Ed. 96-102))
loli kai - WAB, 493 (about 6 inches long, eaten raw or cooked)
loli kohola - PE, 194 (a variety of loli, black and cylindrical; lit: "reef loli")
loli lu`au - PE, 194 (a variety of loli; lit: "taro-tops loli")
ma`i hole - PE, 205 (a small holothurian)
weliweli - PE, 355 (a small weli, holothurian (KL line 19))
`unae - PE, 343 (the lumpy sea cucumber (Stichopus chloronotes))
kuneuneu - PE, 168 (a kind of loli, sea cucumber, perhaps a Stichopus)
loli pua - WR, 83 / Edmondson 97
loli koko - WR, 83
loli pua - WR, 83
loli ka`e - PE, 194 / EHB, 152 / WR, 83 ("a smaller species, about six inches long,.is also considered good
eating, either raw or cooked." cf. loli pua; see card for H. pervicax from WR)
kohe lelewa - PE, 146, 152 / Edmondson 98 (also konalewalewa, konalelewa, and kohe lewalewa)
kohe lewalewa - PE, 146, 152 / Edmondson 98 (also konalewalewa, konalelewa, and konalewalewa)
konalelewa - PE, 146, 152 / Edmondson 98 (also konalewalewa, kohe lelewa, and kohe lewalewa)
konalewalewa - PE, 146, 152 / Edmondson 98 (also konalelewa (Malo 46), kohe lelewa, and kohe lewalewa)
loli koko - EHB, 152 ("They will not eat the loli koko, which is reddish, and which , more than any other kind,
will exude a mass of sticky white gill-trees when disturbed.")
loli koko - PE, 194 / WAB, 493 / Edmondson 102 (red inside, not eater; a variety of loli, perhaps Chirodota
rigida; lit "blood loli")
loli makoko - PE, 194 / Edmondson 102 (a variety of loli, perhaps Chirodota rigida; lit: "blood-red
loli")
loli pua - WAB, 493 / WR, 87 / PE, 194 / EHB, 152 / Edmondson 102 (a species of edible loli; lit: "flower
loli"; large black species often 15 inches long, also eaten; "the large black species found on our reefs")
weli - PE, 355 / WR, 83 / Edmondson 5, 102 (a holothurian (KL line 19; Ed. 102))