Goats Destroy Vegetation | Erosion Removes Exposed Soils
Hardpan | More Uplands

What remains after the topsoil
has eroded away is called hardpan.
It covers approximately 29% of
Kahoolawe and has changed
very little through time.

Kahoolawe | Hakioawa | Kanapou | Kamohio | Honokanaia
Kealaikahiki | Honokoa | Ahupu | Kuheia and Kaulana | Lua Makika
Uplands | Maps | Animations | Environment | Timeline | Island Facts

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Created on 21 March 1997 by spm, be and caa
Images by Rowland Reeve and be